windows

• CMD

• Versions

• Windows 11

• Components

• Driver Backup

• powercfg

• Disable BitLocker

• Networking

  • IP

  • VLAN

• Restore OS

• DotNet versions query

• Configuration

  • Disable Windows Defender

  • Disable update

  • Registry locations

  • NFS mount

  • Fix cifs/share mount

• Installation

  • Tools

  • Force OOBE

• BCD

  • Fix boot

    • update-grub

  • Fix boot partiton

    • EFI

  • Copy Boot Entries

  • disk ATTRIBUTES

  • IDE to AHCI after Installation

  • Uninstall software in safemode

• services.msc

• VS proxy

• AD

  • DC DNS

• Graphic

• Storge

• Link

• CMD Tools

  • Check and unclock file

  • Media Transfer Protocol

• Server Core

  • MMC

• GUI Tools

  • sysinternals tools

• Linux Clients

• WLAN Hosted Network

• 简繁体转换

• mstsc

  • GPU - NVIDIA

  • CredSSP

• Disk tools

• KMS Activation

  • Windows

  • Office

CMD

cd C:\Users\root\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs   
shell:startup # Startup Folder

reg query "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP # Query .Net Framwork Versions  

timedate.cpl # Date + Time + NTP
netplwiz.exe # Auto Login

Versions

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/release-health/release-information

• Win10: 19041=2004 19045=22H2(EOS on October 14, 2025)

• Win11: 22000=21H2 22621=22H2 26200=25H2

• Server: 14393=2016 17763=2019 20348=2022

Windows 11

Download: https://www.microsoft.com/en-in/software-download/windows11

# bypass TPM
`SHIFT + F10` -> regedit -> HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\Setup
 - new Key: LabConfig
 - new DWORD : BypassTPMCheck / BypassSecureBootCheck / BypassRAMCheck(if<4G) = 1

# Disable "Show more options" context menu
reg add "HKCU\Software\Classes\CLSID\{86ca1aa0-34aa-4e8b-a509-50c905bae2a2}\InprocServer32" /f /ve

Components

DirextX Runtime: dxwebsetup
.Net 4: dotNetFx40_Full_x86_x64.exe

Driver Backup

dism /online /export-driver /destination:d:\_drivers

powercfg

powercfg /a
powercfg /hibernate off

Disable BitLocker

manage-bde -status
manage-bde -off C:

# Powershell - Disable BitLocker
New-ItemProperty -Path "HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\BitLocker" -Name "PreventDeviceEncryption" -Value 00000001 -PropertyType DWORD -Force 

Networking

netsh interface ipv4 show excludedportrange protocol=tcp

netstat -ano | findstr LISTEN
netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 listenport=3333 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=3213 connectaddress=127.0.0.1 
route add 192.168.0.0  MASK 255.255.0.0 10.0.0.1
route add 172.16.0.0  MASK 255.255.0.0 10.0.0.1
netsh interface ip set address "Ether..." static 192.168.3.5 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2

SUBST X: "D:\Folder_to_map"

IP

Set/New-NetIPAddress -InterfaceIndex 6 -IPAddress 192.168.1.11 -PrefixLength 24
Remove-NetIPAddress -PrefixOrigin Manual

VLAN

https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/netadapter/set-netadapter?view=windowsserver2022-ps#examples

• enable vlan on devmgmt.msc, then:

    Get-NetAdapter
    Set-NetAdapter -InterfaceDescription "*GbE"  -VlanID 77 # TODO

Restore OS

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/boot-windows-to-audit-mode-or-oobe

sysprep /generalize
CTRL+SHIFT+F3 to audio mode

DotNet versions query

reg query "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\NET Framework Setup\NDP\v4\Full" /v Version

Configuration

gpupdate

Disable Windows Defender

• gpedit.msc: Computer Configuration/Administrative Templates/Windows Components/Windows Defender

Disable update

1. 计算机配置 -> 管理模板 -> Windows 组件 -> Windows 更新 -> Windows 更新不包括驱动程序

2. 计算机配置 -> 管理模板 -> 系统 -> 设备安装 -> 指定设备驱动程序源位置的搜索顺序：启用并选择“不搜索 Windows 更新”

Registry locations

• %WINDIR%\System32\config\

• https://technet.microsoft.com/en-in/library/cc750583(en-us).aspx

NFS mount

Turn Windows features on or off -> Services for NFS

# seems not working anymore (Dec 2019)
Get-WindowsFeature -Name NFS*
Install-WindowsFeature -Name NFS-Client

mount 192.168.88.21:/  x:
mount # show mounted
umount -f z:

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/276292

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\ClientForNFS\CurrentVersion\Default]
"AnonymousUid"=dword:000003e8
"AnonymousGid"=dword:000003e8

Fix cifs/share mount

net use * /del /yes
net use h: \\192.168.0.1\docs /user:ServerB\user Password 

Installation

Tools

• winntsetup

Force OOBE

• Shift+F10

• c:\windows\system32\oobe\msoobe.exe

BCD

GUI editor: http://www.zezula.net/en/fstools/bellavista.html

Fix boot

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/devtest/adding-boot-entries#adding-a-new-boot-en

update-grub

Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sdf1@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi

Fix boot partiton

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/bcdboot-command-line-options-techref-di#command-line-options

bcdboot C:\Windows /s S: /f all

EFI

\EFI\Boot\bootx64.efi

diskpart
convert
create partition efi size=512
select partition 2
assign letter=b

bcdboot c:\windows /s h: /f UEFI

Copy Boot Entries

diskpart>
list disk # check column Gpt
list vol  # check column Label/Info: "System"

# Do Not use PowerShell
bcdedit /store g:\boot/bcd
bcdedit /copy {current} /d "new" 
bcdedit /set {}  device partition=W:
bcdedit /set {}  osdevice partition=W:
bcdedit /set {current} description "Windows 11 21H2"

disk ATTRIBUTES

DISKPART> list disk
DISKPART> ATTRIBUTES DISK
DISKPART> ATTRIBUTES DISK CLEAR READONLY

IDE to AHCI after Installation

• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\

  Win7 -> msahci： Win10 -> iaStorV,iaStorAV,storahci: Start => 0 \StartOverride => DELETE

Uninstall software in safemode

REG ADD "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\SafeBoot\Minimal\MSIServer" /VE /T REG_SZ /F /D "Service" net start msiserver

services.msc

sc create srv_name binpath= D:\_soft\foo.exe type= share start= auto 

sc delete srv_name

VS proxy

%ProgramFiles%\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe.config find the <system.net> block, and add this code:

<defaultProxy enabled="true" useDefaultCredentials="true">  
    <proxy bypassonlocal="True" proxyaddress=" HYPERLINK "http://<yourproxy:port#" http://<yourproxy:port#>"/>  
</defaultProxy> 

AD

DC DNS

https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/servergeeks/2014/07/12/dns-records-that-are-required-for-proper-functionality-of-active-directory/ (4. DC Record - _ldap._tcp.dc._msdcs.)

Graphic

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/display/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Display_Driver_Model

XDDM/XPDM:Windows 2000 and Windows XP, removal of XDDM from Windows 8 Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM): Windows Vista+

WDDM 2.0 - Windows 10+
    reduce workload on the kernel-mode driver for GPUs that support virtual memory addressing
    DXGI 1.4
        Cheaper adapter enumeration
        Video memory budget tracking
        Direct3D 12 Swapchain Changes

WDDM 2.1 - 1607+
    Shader Model 6.0 (mandatory for feature levels 12_0 and 12_1)
    DXGI 1.5
        HDR10 - a 10-bit high dynamic range
        Wide Color Gamut

WDDM 2.2 - 1703+
    tailored for virtual, augmented and mixed reality with stereoscopic rendering for the Windows Holographic platform
    DXGI 1.6: High Dynamic Range (HDR) Detection

WDDM 2.3 - 1709+
    10-bit HDR playback over HDMI
    Video processing and video decode acceleration in DirectX* 12

Storge

dynamic disks support the creation of new multipartition volumes

Link

symbolic vs junction: https://superuser.com/a/1291446

mklink /J hard_link folder
mklink /H hard_link file
mklink /D soft_link folder

CMD Tools

Check and unclock file

• https://download.sysinternals.com/files/Handle.zip

• http://unlocker.en.softonic.com/

Media Transfer Protocol

• python 3.12 | https://github.com/Heribert17/mtp

  • https://heribert17.github.io/mtp/win_access/#mtp.win_access.PortableDeviceContent.get_path

• powershell | https://github.com/nosalan/powershell-mtp-file-transfer # file size = 0

Server Core

https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj574205(v=ws.11).aspx

cscript C:\Windows\System32\Scregedit.wsf /ar 0    # Enable RDS

MMC

Enable-NetFirewallRule -DisplayGroup "Remote Administration"

cmdkey /add:<ServerName> /user:<UserName> /pass:<password>

GUI Tools

List: https://www.hanselman.com/tools SoftPerfect RAM Disk: https://www.softperfect.com/products/ramdisk

sysinternals tools

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/downloads/sysinternals-suite

process explorer
- search opened file
- locate handle process

Linux Clients

http://www.freerdp.com/

WLAN Hosted Network

NETSH WLAN show drivers | findstr "Hosted network supported"
NETSH WLAN set hostednetwork mode=allow ssid=SF3 key=12345678
NETSH WLAN start hostednetwork

简繁体转换

win10: 先Ctrl+F，按住Ctrl，再按Shift+F

mstsc

GPU - NVIDIA

https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-opengl-rdp GeForce drivers R440 or later.

CredSSP

gpedit.msc - Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > System > Credentials Delegation Encryption Oracle Remediation policy: Enabled > Protection Level: Vulnerable

Disk tools

DM Disk Editor and Data Recovery https://dmde.com/ (view for viewing)

KMS Activation

Windows

CSCRIPT /NOLOGO C:\Windows\System32\SLMGR.VBS /?  # echo on console

https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj612867.aspx

slmgr /ipk {GVLK}
slmgr /SKMS 192.168.88.250    
slmgr /ATO
slmgr /dli
slmgr /upk # back to trial

Office

2016/2019/O365 Retail -> VL: https://github.com/kkkgo/office-C2R-to-VOL

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/deployoffice/vlactivation/gvlks

cd OFFICE_DIR
CSCRIPT OSPP.VBS /SETHST:192.168.88.101
CSCRIPT OSPP.VBS /ACT