# VDI

* [SR-IOV](#sr-iov)
* [VirGL](#virgl)
* [GPU assignment](#gpu-assignment)
  * [Error handling](#error-handling)
  * [virtio-gpu](#virtio-gpu)
* [Hardware](#hardware)
  * [NVIDIA Certified](#nvidia-certified)
    * [VDI Solutions - Nvidia](#vdi-solutions---nvidia)
  * [AMD](#amd)
  * [Intel® Graphics Virtualization Technology](#intel®-graphics-virtualization-technology)
    * [Optional Firmware](#optional-firmware)
* [Citrix](#citrix)
  * [XenServer](#xenserver)
  * [XenClientIDV, discontinued](#xenclientidv-discontinued)
* [Remote Desktop](#remote-desktop)
  * [OpenStack](#openstack)
  * [Apache Guacamole](#apache-guacamole)
  * [Hardware - pikvm](#hardware---pikvm)
  * [KVM-VDIdiscontinued](#kvm-vdidiscontinued)
* [SPICE & QXL guest driver](#spice--qxl-guest-driver)
* [Streaming](#streaming)

## SR-IOV

<https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/intel\\_graphics>

```
grep '' /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/gt/uc/*uc_info
dmesg | grep guc
```

Kubernetes cluster : <https://github.com/intel/kubevirt-gfx-sriov>

Ubuntu 22.04 LTS host: <https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/reference-implementation/graphics-sr-iov-enablement-toolkit.html>

<https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms> | [PVE](https://book.ferro.pro/pve#sr-iov)

* for linux 6.1 \~ linux 6.3: <https://github.com/strongtz/i915-sriov-dkms/blob/master/README.md>

## VirGL

* <https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/chapter-qm.html#qm\\_display>
* <https://docs.mesa3d.org/drivers/virgl.html>

## GPU assignment

The state of GPU assignment in QEMU/KVM: <https://www.linux-kvm.org/images/b/b3/01x09b-VFIOandYou-small.pdf>

<https://wiki.debian.org/VGAPassthrough>

<https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/GPU\\_passthrough\\_with\\_libvirt\\_qemu\\_kvm>

<https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Pci\\_passthrough>

### Error handling

* Windows BSOD: system thread exception not handled

  echo "options kvm ignore\_msrs=1" > /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf
* Linux tty: Radeon kernel modesetting for r600 or later requires firmware-amd-graphics

  apt-get install firmware-amd-graphics

### virtio-gpu

<https://www.linux-kvm.org/images/0/09/Qemu-gfx-2016.pdf>

<https://github.com/qemu/qemu/blob/master/hw/display/virtio-gpu.c>

ARMv8/arm-64: use virtio-gpu because the legacy VGA framebuffer is very troublesome on aarch64

<https://docs.opennebula.org/5.4/deployment/open\\_cloud\\_host\\_setup/pci\\_passthrough.html#loading-vfio-driver-in-initrd>

## Hardware

### NVIDIA Certified

<http://www.nvidia.com/object/grid-certified-servers.html\\>
GRID vGPU is a licensed feature on Tesla M6, Tesla M10, and Tesla M60.

#### VDI Solutions - Nvidia

<http://www.nvidia.com/object/xendesktop-vgpu.html> (Right bottom section: "Partner Solutions")

```
## Virtualized Application Solutions (Shared GPU)
Citrix XenApp 6.5 with OpenGL Add-on and Citrix XenDesktop 7 Hosted-Shared delivery
```

![](http://www.nvidia.com/content/cloud-computing/images/gridtechnology-softwarediagram-xenapp.png)

```
## Virtual Desktop Solutions (Shared GPU)
XenDesktop FP1 with NVIDIA GRID™ vGPU™1
Microsoft RemoteFX in Windows Server 2012
VMware Horizon View 5.2 with vSGA2

## Virtual Remote Workstation Solutions (Dedicated GPU)
Citrix XenDesktop 5.6
Citrix XenDesktop 7 VDI delivery
VMware View 5.3 with vDGA
```

### AMD

AMD MxGPU is the world’s first hardware-based virtualized GPU solution, is built on industry standard SR-IOV (Single-Root I/O Virtualization) technology. Supprot VMWARE & Citrix.

### Intel® Graphics Virtualization Technology

![](https://01.org/sites/default/files/users/u25480/gpu-virtualization-approaches.png)\
<https://01.org/sites/default/files/users/u16902/graphics\\_virtualization\\_update\\_figure\\_1.png\\>
<https://01.org/sites/default/files/users/u16902/graphics\\_virtualization\\_update\\_figure\\_2.png\\>
<https://01.org/sites/default/files/users/u16902/graphics\\_virtualization\\_update\\_figure\\_3.png>

* –d (Intel® GVT –d): vDGA: virtual dedicated graphics acceleration (one VM to one physical GPU)
* –s (Intel® GVT -s): vSGA: virtual shared graphics acceleration (multiple VMs to one physical GPU)
* –g (Intel® GVT -g): vGPU: virtual graphics processing unit (multiple VMs to one physical GPU)

Visit `Intel GVT-g` page for more.

#### Optional Firmware

<https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/firmware>

GuC：designed to perform graphics workload scheduling on the various graphics parallel engines.\
DMC: low-power idle states. It provides capability to save and restore display registers across these low-power states independently from the OS/Kernel.\
HUC: offload some of the media functions from the CPU to GPU.

```
ls /lib/firmware/i915/ -l
```

## Citrix

### XenServer

<https://docs.citrix.com/content/dam/docs/en-us/xenserver/current-release/downloads/xenserver-configuring-graphics.pdf\\>
Graphics Virtualization is available for XenServer Enterprise Edition customers, or those who have access to XenServer through their XenApp/XenDesktop entitlement.

### XenClient(IDV, discontinued)

Diagram: <https://www.citrix.com/blogs/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/XenClient-Architectural-Diagram.jpg>

## Remote Desktop

### OpenStack

<https://www.openstack.org/videos/boston-2017/virtual-desktop-infrastructure-vdi-with-openstack>

### Apache Guacamole

<https://guacamole.incubator.apache.org/\\>
<https://hub.docker.com/r/guacamole/guacamole/\\>
HTML5 remote desktop gateway. supports VNC, RDP, and SSH.

### Hardware - pikvm

<https://github.com/pikvm/pikvm\\>
Supported Raspberry Pi 2, 3, 4 and ZeroW

### KVM-VDI(discontinued)

<https://github.com/Seitanas/kvm-vdi/wiki\\>
supported backends: plain QEMU-KVM and OpenStack

<https://www.neblogas.lt/2016/07/18/technical-info-ovirt-agent-sso/>

## SPICE & QXL guest driver

<https://www.spice-space.org/download.html>

## Streaming

ref: <https://github.com/mbroemme/vdi-stream-client>

| Method                                                                              | Local | Remote | 3D                |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----- | ------ | ----------------- |
| [QXL with Spice](https://www.spice-space.org/)                                      | Yes   | Yes    | No                |
| [GPU Passthrough](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/vfio.txt)                | Yes   | No     | Yes               |
| [KVM FrameRelay](https://looking-glass.io/)                                         | Yes   | No     | Yes               |
| [iGVT-g](https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/vfio-mediated-device.txt)         | Yes   | No     | Yes (Intel only)  |
| [Virgil 3D](https://virgil3d.github.io/)                                            | Yes   | Yes    | Yes (Linux only)  |
| [SPICE Streaming Agent](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/spice/spice-streaming-agent) | Yes   | Yes    | Yes (Linux only)  |
| [Moonlight](https://moonlight-stream.org/)                                          | Yes   | Yes    | Yes (Nvidia only) |
| [Parsec](https://parsec.app/)                                                       | Yes   | Yes    | Yes               |
| [AirGame](https://mycloudgame.com/download.html)                                    | Yes   | Yes    | Yes               |